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This page is a work in progress, I will be adding more as time goes on. If you have ideas about what to add, comment on one of my red light videos!
Note 1. I use and a spectroradiometer, which splits up the light using a prism and measures how much light energy is in each wavelength. Manufacturers use a solar meter, which is a cheaper and simpler device to measure sunlight specifically, mostly used by people in agriculture. A solar meter applies a mathematical correction based on the spectrum of sunlight to estimate the irradiance:
spectrum of the sun at midday
However, if you are measuring something with a different spectrum than sunlight, the correction will cause inaccuracies. Phototherapy companies discovered that for red/NIR devices this error was in their favor.
This is true of all red light products, not just masks. For accurate measurements, including panels, don’t trust the manufacturers measurements. See my videos or check out Alex Fergus’ spreadsheet. He has tested many devices uses a spectroradiometer and compiled the results.
Note 2. is that cosine receptor of my spectroradiometer is slightly larger than the LED of the masks which leads to a slightly lower reading, so what it is actually measuring is the average irradiance over the area of the cosine receptor, which means the reading is slightly lower than the true value when doing contact readings. however this still gives you the average irradiance of a small point over the LED and the margin of error here is minuscule compared to the difference between mask vs panel so this tool still gives me the precision necessary to answer the question we are asking in the videos.
Note 3. When light is traveling to the skin vs contact there is reflectance to consider. This would be impossible to determine as a function of each device since it is different depending on wavelengths, skin color, the exact design of a mask because most of them have the LED recessed in some way and still would suffer from reflectance. However with red light generally reflectance is around 30-50% of light. Panels likely lose more light due to reflectance than most masks but this difference is insignificant compared to the 25-500x difference in total fluence between a panel and a mask.
Testing device
Industry standard Hopoo Color spectroradiometer
Panel testing